WH+Unit+4

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=**Information:** =

** http://www.google.com/dictionary **
PART 1 dynamic: characterized by constantchange, activity, or progress
 * Vocabulary**

enclosure movement: During the Industrial Revolution, it was the consolidation of many small farms into one large farm, which created a labor force as many people lost their homes.

capital: the most important city or town of a country or region, usually its seat of government and administrative center

entrepreneur: a person who organizes and operates a business orbusinesses,

cottage industry: small-scale industry that can be carried on at home by family members using their own equipment

puddling: a small pool of liquid

migrate: move from one area or country to settle in another

industrial capitalism: The rise of industrial capitalism is an era important to the development of a modern system of public and private social welfare and social work. Subsistence and barter systems decreased as people entered the labour market in order to survive.

socialism: a political and economic theory of social organizationthat advocates that the means of production

** QUESTIONS **


 * 1) When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin? - It began in Great Britain around 1780
 * 2) What six factors contributed to the start of the Industrial Revolution?- Britain was producing much more food, more people could be fed at lower prices with less labor. The population increased a lot. They had a lot more money to invest in machines. Natural resources were very plentiful. Britain had a free society. The british ships could transport items anywhere in the world.
 * 3) What four inventions advanced the production of cotton cloth?- The Flying Shuttle, the spinning jenny, water-powered loom, steam engine
 * 4) What effect did the steam engine have on the coal and iron industry?- Steam engines needed to be fired by coal so they used a lot. They made new iron that they used t make machines and build railroads.
 * 5) What was the Rocket?- It was the first steam powered locomotive that ran on the industrial railing.
 * 6) Why did factories begin to require workers to work in shifts?- The owners wanted their machines producing goods constantly.
 * 7) What three countries were the first to be industrialized in continental Europe?- Belguim, France, Britain.
 * 8) What happened in 1853 that showed Japan the importance of industrial power?- They followed in the western's footsteps and admired it.
 * 9) What change took place in the American labor force between 1800 and 1860?- six of seven americans were farmers now. The population went up from 5 million to 30 million.
 * 10) What two classes of people emerged in the European society of the Industrial Revolution?- The industrial working class and the middle class.

Part 2: conservatism: holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation topolitics or religion.
 * Vocabulary:**

stability: the state of being stable

beneficial: favorable or advantageous; resulting in good

principle of inter- vention:

liberalism: open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values

universal male suffrage:<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A system that allows all adult males to vote without regard to property, religious, or race qualifications or limitations.

multinational state:<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A multinational state is a state (country) in which the population consists of two or more ethnically distinct nations (peoples) that are of significant size. This contrasts with a nation-state where a single nation comprises the bulk of the population

On your wiki page, create a number list from 1 through 21. Read Chapter 4 section 2 from the text book. As you read look for the following information. Where you see ** xxxxx ** fill in the correct word or words.

After the defeat of (1) ** xxxxx **, European rulers moved to restore the old order with (2) ** xxxxx **, (3) ** xxxxx **, (4) ** xxxxx **, and (5) ** xxxxx ** in power. This goal was addressed at the Congress of (6) ** xxxxx ** in September 1814.

The arrangements made at this Congress were a victory for rulers who wanted to contain the new forces unleashed during the (7) ** xxxxx ** Revolution. Their political philosophy, based on tradition and social stability, is known as (8) ** xxxxx **. The great powers assumed the right of intervention whereby they could send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to keep (9) ** xxxxx ** in power.

Liberals believed in the protection of (10) ** xxxxx ** liberties, or the basic rights of all people. Most liberals favored a (11) ** xxxxx ** monarchy in which a king must follow the law. They thought that the right to vote should be open only to people with (12) ** xxxxx **. These attitudes were (13) ** xxxxx ** attitudes.

(14) ** xxxxx ** in the nineteenth century arose out of people’s awareness of being part of a community with common institutions. People with a common language and traditions began to feel that they were the (15) ** xxxxx **. (16) ** xxxxx ** feared the implications of such thinking and fought the forces of nationalism.

Nationalistic/liberal thinking led to (17) ** xxxxx ** in the countries of Europe. The (18) ** xxxxx ** of France was finally overthrown in 1848. Cries for change led many German rulers to promise (19) ** xxxxx **, a free press, and jury trials. In Vienna, Austria, revolutionary forces took control of the (20) ** xxxxx ** and demanded a liberal constitution. Soon, however, the united front of moderate liberals and more radical nationalists throughout Europe was weakened by disagreements over their goals, and so (21) ** xxxxx ** forces were able to regain control.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">1.Napoleon <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 2.Great Britain <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 3.Austria <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 4.Prussia <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 5.Russia <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 6.Vienna <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 7.Industrial <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 8.conservatism <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 9.Monarchs <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 10.Civil <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 11.limited <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 12.property <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 13.middle class <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 14.Nationalism <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 15. Nation <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 16.Dutch Republic <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 17.domination <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 18.monarch <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 19.constitutions <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 20.Capital <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 21.Austrian

Part 3: militarism: desire of a government or people that acountry should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests
 * Vocabulary:**

reliance: dependence on or trust in someone or something

levy: archaic enlist (someone) for military

kaiser: historical the German emperor, the emperor ofAustria, or the head of the

plebiscite: the direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question such as a change in the constitution

emancipation: set free, esp. from legal, social, or political restrictions

successor: a person or thing that succeeds another

abolitionism: a person who favors the abolition of a practice orinstitution, esp. capital punishment or (formerly)slavery.

secede: withdraw formally from membership in a federal union, an alliance, or a political or religious organization

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">I. The Crimean War was the result of a struggle between ** xxxxx **and the ** xxxxx **. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> A. Russia was interested in expanding its power into the ** xxxxx **. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> B. Fearful of Russian power,** xxxxx **and ** xxxxx **declared war on Russia. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> C. The Crimean War destroyed the ** xxxxx **of Europe.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> II. On March 17, 1861, King Victor ** xxxxx ** II proclaimed a new kingdom of Italy.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> III. Under Bismarck, Prussia organized the Northern German states into a ** xxxxx **. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> A. In 1870,** xxxxx **armies defeated an entire French army and the French ruler. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> B. The southern German states agreed to enter the ** xxxxx ** German Confederation.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> IV. By giving the ** xxxxx **class a voice in rule, Britain avoided revolution in 1848.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> V. The French were defeated in a war with the ** xxxxx ** and the Second Napoleonic Empire fell.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> VI. The ** xxxxx ** of1867created dual monarchies in Austria and Hungary.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> VII. The ** xxxxx ** of Alexander II in 1881 returned Russia to the old methods of repression.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> VIII. In December 1860, a South Carolina convention voted to ** xxxxx **, or withdraw, from the United States.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> IX. The end of the American Civil War meant that the United States would be “one nation, ** xxxxx **.”

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 1.Russia and the ottoman empire <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 2.Eastern Europe <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 3.Britain and France <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 4.Old concert <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 5.Emmanuel <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 6.North German Confederation <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 7.Prussian <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 8.North <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 9.middle <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 10.Prussians <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 11.Compromise <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 12.Czar <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 13.secede <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> 14.indivisible

Part 4: romanticism: a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century
 * Vocabulary:**

abandon: give up completely

secularization: denoting attitudes, activities, or other things thathave no religious or spiritual basis

organic evolution:<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">The process by which changes in the genetic composition of populations of organisms occur in response to environmental changes

adapt: make (something) suitable for a new use or purpose;modify

natural selection:<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Natural selection is the process by which heritable traits that make it more likely for an organism to survive and successfully reproduce become more common in a population over successive generations. It is a key mechanism of evolution

variation: a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits

controversy: disagreement, typically when prolonged, public, andheated

realism: the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly

** 1. The ** xxxxx **emphasized the feelings, emotion, and imagination of the individual artist or writer.** **2. Many romantic writers in England lived during the early** xxxxx **, and they often expressed a horror of the conditions they saw.** **3. Romantics loved to think about past ages, especially** xxxxx **times.** **4. The exotic and** xxxxx **also attracted many romantics.** **5. Chilling examples of romantic literature are Mary Shelley’s** xxxxx **in Britain and Edgar Allen Poe’s short stories of horror in the United States.** **6.** xxxxx **and other romantic poets believed science had reduced nature to a cold object of study.** **7. Romantic artists believed art was a reflection of the artist’s inner** xxxxx **.** **8. Romantic trends also dominated** xxxxx **the first half of the nineteenth century.** **9.** xxxxx **said, “I must write, for what weighs on my heart, I must express!”** **10. In biology, Frenchman Louis Pasteur proposed the** xxxxx **theory of disease.** **11. In Great Britain, Michael Faraday put together a primitive generator that laid the foundation for the use of** xxxxx **current.** **12. Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, a theory that each kind of plant and animal had** xxxxx **over a long period of time.** **13. Darwin’s ideas raised a storm of** xxxxx **.** **14. Literary realists wanted to write about** xxxxx **characters from actual life rather than romantic heroes in exotic settings.**


 * 1) ** Romantisim **
 * 2) ** Industrial Revolution **
 * 3) ** Medieval **
 * 4) ** unfamiliar **
 * 5) ** Frankenstein **
 * 6) ** Wordsworth **
 * 7) ** feelings **
 * 8) ** and music too **
 * 9) ** Ludwig van Beethoven **
 * 10) ** Louis Pasteur **
 * 11) ** electric **
 * 12) ** evolved **
 * 13) ** controversy **
 * 14) ** ordinary **

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